What Is Operating System (OS) ? With Full Detail...ZK-TECH
The Operating System is an interface between user and hardware, it performs all types of tasks that users want.
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| Operating System |
All the control is in the Operating System, what the user input and what it has to give according to the instruction's, basically it all depends upon the OS.
It is divided into sub components so that each can perform their task.
An Operating System is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Content Table
Types Of Operating System
What are Examples of Operating Systems?
What are the Functions of Operating Systems?
FAQ’s About Operating System
Summary
Types Of Operating System
There Are Some Types Of Operating Systems.
Single And Multi Tasking
Single And Multi User
Distributed
Templated
Embedded
Real-time
Library
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| Types Of Operating System |
Single And Multi Tasking
In a Single Tasking Operating System, there will be one user, the root of the system, as the notion of users is non-existent (there go, no user groups).
The single, root, user of the system, will have full and ultimate power over the whole system.He can open any file, delete any folder, copy, edit, etc, with no restrictions at all.
If he screwed up in some operation, the whole system goes down.
In a Multitasking Operating system, when a user may open multiple programs at a time, and the programs process at the same time, the system is multi-tasking.
Your cell phone is multi-tasking when it accepts a phone call while checking your email.
Single And Multi User
Single-User
When only one user may be active on a system at a time, the OS is single-user.
Windows desktop is an example of a single-user system, although there are modifications such as terminal services to make it multi-user.
Multi-User
When a user may open multiple programs at a time, and the programs process at the same time, the system is multi-tasking.
Your cell phone is multi-tasking when it accepts a phone call while checking your email.
Distributed
Distributed Operating System is an Operating System where a single system image for all sources in a distributed system is called a distributed Operating System.
And here computers can communicate with each other by exchanging messages over a communication network.
Each computer has its own memory in its own network.
Distributed Operating System(supports 3 tier architecture).
The best example to understand a distributed Operating System is : Online examination system.
Here in the Online examination system a single question paper is distributed among all the systems(computers)…and each user can access it independently.
Online examination is a distributed Operating System.
Template
In an Operating System, conveyed and distributed computing setting, templating alludes to making a solitary virtual machine picture as a visitor working framework, then saving it as a device for various running virtual machines.
The procedure is utilised both in virtualization and distributed computing the executives, and is normal in huge server stockrooms.
Embedded
Implanted working frameworks are intended to be utilised in inserted PC frameworks.
They are intended to work on little machines like PDAs with less independence.
They can work with a predetermined number of assets. They are exceptionally reduced and very effective by plan.
Windows CE and Minix 3 are a few instances of implanted working frameworks.
Real-Time
A real-time Operating System is an Operating System that promises to process events or data in a specific amount of time.
Real-time Operating Systems can perform single-tasking or multitasking; however, when multitasking, specific scheduling algorithms are used to ensure predictable behaviour.
An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events, while time-sharing Operating Systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.
Library
An Operating System known as a library Operating System offers common Operating System features like networking through libraries.
The application and configuration code are combined with these libraries to create uni kernels, which are customised, single-address space machine images that may be used in embedded or cloud contexts.
What are the Examples of Operating Systems?
There are some famous Platform
Windows
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| Windows Operating System |
Microsoft created the desktop operating system known as Windows.
Windows has been the most widely used operating system for personal computers for the last three decades.
Every version of Windows has a graphical user interface with a task bar that always appears at the bottom of the screen and a desktop with icons.
Users can open numerous windows, browse folders, and launch files and programmes using the Windows "File Explorer."
A Start menu is present in the majority of Windows versions and offers rapid access to files, settings, and the Windows search function.
The Microsoft OS comes in a variety of versions, which are listed below.
Windows NT
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8 and 8.1
Windows 10
Windows 11
Macintosh (OS)
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| Macintosh Operating System |
Apple Inc. created the Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) as an operating system (OS) that can be loaded and used with their Macintosh line of computers.
It is a graphical user interface (GUI) based operating system that was first introduced in 1984 and has subsequently been published in a number of different versions.
Given that it was introduced at a time when MS-DOS was the industry norm, Mac OS is regarded as the forerunner of GUI-based operating systems.
The Mac OS is a fully functional operating system that offers features and services similar to those found in Windows or Linux OS.
Incorporating Lisa OS's code base and some of its capabilities into Mac OS.
Ubuntu
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| Ubuntu Operating System |
The Debian GNU/Linux distribution is the foundation of the open-source operating (OS) known as Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is well-liked in universities and research companies because it integrates all the functionality of a Unix OS with an additional customisable GUI.
Although there is a server edition of Ubuntu, personal PCs are where it is most often used.
Ubuntu is an African word that implies "humanity to others" in its literal sense.
Android
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| Android Operating System |
According to the quantity of installed devices, Android is now the most widely used operating system in the world.
Android is one of the main operating system rivals to Windows and Apple's, despite being primarily geared for mobile devices (smartphones and tablets).
This mobile operating system is created using a modified Linux kernel together with several open-source applications.
Since then, a variety of devices like smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, cars, digital cameras, TVs, and more have adopted this OS. It has a touchscreen device, which makes it much more alluring.
With more than 2.8 billion active users and a market share of more than 70% worldwide, Android is also a very popular and widely used operating system.
Given how user-friendly Android OS is and how simple it is to use, it is no surprise that its popularity is rising steadily.
You can download numerous third-party Android programmes from this dew's play store in accordance with your needs.
Chrome OS
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| Chrome Operating System |
The Google Chrome web browser's user interface is the main focus of the Chrome OS operating system.
Google created and published Chrome OS, a well-known Linux-based operating system, for the first time on June 15, 2011.
This operating system is a low-end machine-compatible operating system that is lightweight and effective.
The software for Google's cloud computing has been effortlessly integrated into this operating system.
For users of Chromebooks only, Chrome OS was created. There are numerous versions of Chrome OS, which was first designed to run web apps.
Numerous applications, including online applications, Chrome applications, and Android applications, are supported by the most recent version of Chrome OS.
UNIX OS
The computer operating system known as UNIX was created in 1969 with the goal of becoming a free and open operating system.
The developers of this operating system include Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.
Bell Labs Research Center is where the Unix Operating System was created.
It is a computer system with multiple users, multiple tasks, and multiple threads that can execute numerous applications simultaneously.
Enterprise servers, university networks, and clusters for high-performance computing are where you'll find UNIX operating systems most frequently.
Many contemporary computers, including workstation PCs, servers, mobile phones, etc., run this operating system.
Linux OS
A free and open-source operating system is Linux.
This operating system is available for use once you have downloaded and installed it on your computer.
It works with any device, including a smartwatch, laptop, smartphone, tablet, and PC.
On September 17, 1991, the Linux operating system was released.
It was developed by Linus Torvalds and his large development community.
It was created expressly to profit from being an open-source programme, which enables anyone to contribute to or modify the code without having to pay royalties or use patents.
Following Windows and Mac, the Linux operating system is a popular operating system that is specifically made for personal computers.
MS DOS
Microsoft produced the MS-DOS operating system, which came before Windows.
The Microsoft Company formally debuted MS-DOS on August 12, 1981. This operating system relies on commands to function.
Not everyone is able to utilise this operating system; even if you are able to use MS-DOS, you must first learn its commands in order to run this operating system.
Despite once being the most widely used operating system in the world, MS-DOS is now hardly ever used.
But what does it actually do? Microsoft Disk Operating System is referred to as MS-DOS.
It's a piece of software that was created to offer fundamental text output and file management capabilities.
Fedora OS
Freely available and including a number of features that set it apart from the competition, Fedora is a Linux-based operating system.
Open-source software and other features that you would expect to find in an operating system like Ubuntu or Mint are available in Fedora, but it also offers extra benefits like community support, training, and regular updates.
Fedora is an operating system for personal computers that is made to handle tasks that are generally suggested.
Fedora OS was created as part of the Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat, a division of IBM, before being made public in 2003.
What are the Functions of Operating Systems?
Important operating system features:
Security
To secure user data, the operating system employs password protection and other similar measures.
Additionally, it guards against unwanted access to software and user data.
Job accounting
The running system keeps track of the amount of time and resources each job and user uses; this data can be used to monitor how much of each resource is being used by a specific user or group of users.
coordination between the users and some other software
Additionally, operating systems organise and distribute interpreters, compilers, assemblers, and other software to the various computer systems' users.
Error detecting aids
In order to identify faults and prevent computer systems from failing, the operating system continuously monitors the system.
Control over system performance
monitors the condition of the entire system to enhance performance.
For a thorough picture of the system health, records the time between service requests and system responses.
By giving crucial information required to solve problems, this can boost performance.
Processor Management
The OS controls the order in which processes access the processor and how much processing time each process receives in a multiprogramming environment.
Process scheduling is the name of this OS feature.
The following tasks are handled by an operating system in terms of processor management.
monitors the state of the processes.
The programme that carries out this function is referred to as a traffic controller. gives a process access to a CPU that is a processor.
When a process is no longer necessary, the processor is de-allocated.
Memory Management
The Primary Memory or Main Memory is controlled by the operating system.
Each byte or word in main memory has an address, and the array of bytes or words is quite big.
The CPU may immediately access main memory, which is a quick form of storage.
A programme must first be loaded in the main memory before it can be executed.
File Management
Directories are used to structure a file system and make it easier to navigate and use.
These directories might include additional directories and files. The following file management tasks are performed by an operating system.
It keeps track of information storage locations, user access preferences, file status, and more. The file system is the collective name for these resources.
Device Management
Device communication is controlled by an OS using the corresponding drivers.
The following tasks are carried out for device administration. keeps track of all the system's linked gadgets.
selects a programme to act as the input/output controller for each device. determines who controls access to a certain device and for how long.
Devices are distributed in an efficient and effective manner. Devices that are no longer needed are dealt with.
Additionally, the operating system offers the computer system a variety of functions in one way or another.
The following list includes some of the services that the operating system offers to users:
Program Execution
All types of programmes, including user programmes and system programmes, must be executed by the operating system.
The Operating System makes use of a variety of resources to ensure that all functionalities run smoothly.
Manipulation of File System
All decisions about the storage of data or files, including those on floppy discs, hard drives, pen drives, etc., are made by the operating system.
How data should be handled and saved is decided by the operating system.
Handling Input/Output Operations
All inputs, including those from the keyboard, mouse, desktop, etc., are handled by the operating system. Regarding all types of inputs and outputs, the operating system handles all interfaces in the best way possible.
So each form of peripheral device has a unique nature, such as mice or keyboards, the Operating System is in charge of managing the data sent between them.
Error Detection and Handling
Any problem or bug that may arise while doing any task must be found by the operating system.
Sometimes the well-secured OS also serves as a defence against intrusions into the computer system from outside sources and is capable of handling them.
Accounting
The operating system keeps track of all the operations occurring simultaneously in the computer system.
The operating system keeps track of every detail, including the types of faults that were made.
Resource Allocation
By determining which resource will be utilised by whom for how long, the operating system assures the proper use of all the resources that are accessible.
The Operating System makes every decision.
Information and Resource Protection
The Operating System is in charge of making the most secure use possible of all the data and resources on the machine.
Any attempt by an external resource to obstruct any kind of data or information must be thwarted by the operating system.
FAQ’s About Operating System
The importance of the operating system?
The OS is the most crucial and important component of a computer, without which it is useless.
It allows an interface or serves as a conduit for communication between users and OS-installed apps. Additionally, it facilitates hardware communication and keeps the CPU and hardware in balance.
Additionally, it offers customers services and a platform on which to run programmes. It completes all typical duties that apps need.
GUI: What is it?
In essence, GUI (Graphical User Interface) is a sort of user interface that enables users to interact with OS via graphics.
GUI was developed because it is simpler, more intuitive, and more user-friendly than command-line interfaces. Its main objective is to improve usability and efficiency.
Users don't need to learn orders; they can merely click a button to carry out the action. Microsoft Windows, macOS, Apple's iOS, and others are GUI examples.
When and for what purpose are pipes used?
Typically, the pipe connects two or more processes that are connected to one another.
It is a technique for message-passing-based inter-process communication.
Using a pipe, it is simple to transport data, such as the output of one programme process, to another programme process.
When two processes desire to communicate one way, or inter-process communication, it can be used (IPC).
What does an OS boot-up programme do?
The first piece of code that runs whenever a computer starts up is often a programme that initialises the operating system.
Operating systems are loaded using a software or procedure known as booting. The bootstrap software is the sole component that the OS overall depends on for functionality.
At a defined spot on the disc, it is entirely stored in boot blocks. Additionally, it finds the kernel and loads it into the main memory before the programme begins to run.
Describe IPC. What various IPC mechanisms are there?
The mechanism known as IPC (Interprocess Communication) makes advantage of shared resources like memory across processes or threads.
Different processes can communicate with one another thanks to IPC in the OS.
It serves just as a means of data exchange across threads in one or more programmes or processes.
With the OS's permission, various processes can communicate with one another in this manner.
What do you mean when you say OS overlays?
In essence, overlays are a programming technique that separates operations into manageable chunks so that crucial instructions can be stored in memory.
It does not require any kind of OS support.
By just storing the most crucial information and instructions that might be required at any one time, it can run programmes that are larger than physical memory.
Virtual memory: What is it?
The OS feature that gives users the impression of a very large (main) memory is a memory management approach.
Simply put, it is a place where a larger number of applications can be stored on their own as pages.
By employing a disc, it allows us to use more physical memory and also provides memory protection.
The OS can manage it in two ways that are frequently used, namely segmentation and paging.
When used in conjunction with RAM, it serves as a temporary storage device for computer processes.
What causes the OS to thrash?
Typically, the CPU is forced to focus more on swapping or paging tasks and perform less useful work.
Instead of executing, it spends more time switching or paging activities. A system can identify thrashing by assessing the CPU utilisation level.
It happens when there aren't enough pages for the procedure, which raises the rate of page errors.
It prevents a large amount of application-level processing that deteriorates or collapses computer performance.
What serves as multiprogramming's primary goal?
It refers to the capability of running multiple programmes simultaneously on a single processor computer.
This method was developed to address the issue of CPU and main memory underutilization.
To put it simply, it is the coordination of multiple applications running at once on a single processor (CPU).
Multiprogramming's basic goal is to always have at least a few processes active.
Simply said, it increases CPU utilisation by organising numerous tasks such that the CPU always has one to complete.
How does asymmetric clustering work?
In an asymmetric clustering system, all but one of the nodes run distinct applications while the other nodes are in hot standby mode.
It merely makes use of all available hardware resources, making it a more reliable system than others.
Summary
In this blog we learn what is operating system,types of operating systems,examples of operating systems and functions of operating systems that is the best information for us. We learn all operating systems in one blog. We provide a PDF file of this blog. If you want to save this blog you can download PDF File .
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